日 時：2010年10月26日（火）13:30～17:30
場 所： 京都大学稲盛財団記念館3階中会議室
講師1： Dr. Marco Bassi (African Studies Centre, University of Oxford)
演題1：“Primary Identity and the Composite Origin of the East-African
Ethnic Groups: Inputs from a Study of the Lower Omo Valley”
（「東アフリカにおける民族集団の一次的アイデンティティと複合的起源：オモ川下流地域での研究から」）
講師2：Dr. Boku Tache Dida (Norwegian University of Life Sciences)
演題2：“Pastoralism under Stress: Resources, Institutions and Poverty
among the Borana Oromo in Southern Ethiopia”
（圧迫される牧畜：エチオピア南部のボラナ・オロモにおける
資源、制度、貧困）
要旨：
1. Marco Bassi
“Primary Identity and the Composite Origin of the East-African Ethnic
Groups: Inputs from a Study of the Lower Omo Valley”
This presentation addresses the dynamics of group formation in East
Africa, building on the notion of primary identity. The case of
identity formation in the lower Omo Valley will be considered by
presenting insights gained during the AHRC research project
“Landscape, People and Parks: Environmental change in the Lower Omo
valley, Southwestern Ethiopia” (University of Oxford). The current
identities are the result of the 19th century large scale migrations
and of internal adjustments and in the process of accessing the
ecological niche generated by the regular flooding of the Omo River.
Processes of identity re-definition are described in cataclysmic terms
in oral tradition. The ‘cataclysms’ changed the demographic balance
with the natural resources and the reciprocal relations of power,
leading to the disappearance of some of the primary groups whose
existence and prosperity were recorded by the early explorers or whose
existence is acknowledged in oral traditions.
The research data show that the notion of ‘primary groups’, exercising
coherent governance over a broad and sometimes scattered range of
resources, needs to be complemented with the theoretical relevance of
clusters, specific localities characterised by high interaction and
the co-presence of different primary groups.
2. Boku Tache Dida
“Pastoralism under Stress: Resources, Institutions and Poverty among the Borana Oromo in Southern Ethiopia”
The study examines pastoral production and poverty in Borana in
southern Ethiopia; its main objective being to understand the manner
in which external factors, such as government policy and the natural
environment affect the pastoral resource base, how this in turn
influences poverty and wealth, and how customary institutions respond
to these influences. Furthermore, inconsistencies between government
and local perspectives are interpreted with respect to differing views
about development and integration, and associated conceptions of what
poverty means. The study was conducted in four localities that each
reflects different livelihood options and strategies.
The study employed participant observation, a household survey, key
informant interviews, case studies, and discussions during an
organized workshop. The household surveys covered 330 randomly
selected households from four sites in the Yaballo and Dirre
districts.
Persistent and increasing poverty in Borana is attributed to impacts
of state land use policies over different historical periods;
incompatible conceptions of poverty and differently envisaged
alleviation strategies by development planners and pastoralists;
decline in the rangelands, and associated livestock loss;
internalization of these problems in a manner that aggravates
vulnerability to poverty; and a decline in the capacity of the
customary institutions to address poverty. Poverty drivers have
different household impacts. While some households lose capacity to attain food security and self-reliance and thus drift into chronic
poverty, others respond by diversifying livelihoods and herds.
このフォーラムは、平成２２年度京都大学全学経費による第４回国際共同研究
「アフリカ研究はアフリカの危機にどう対処するか」による催しです。
共催：科学研究費（基盤A）「アフリカ在来知の生成とそのポジティブな実践」
科学研究費（基盤A）「アフリカ牧畜社会におけるローカル・プラクティスの復権／活用による開発研究の新地平」
連絡先：京都大学アフリカ地域研究資料センター
TEL: 075-753-7803 FAX: 075-753-9191
caasstaff[at]jambo.africa.kyoto-u.ac.jp